Information about the Hittites

CTH 147 - The Sins of Madduwatta

The Sins of Madduwatta

CTH 147

Götze, Albrecht, Madduwattaš, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt, 1968

INTRODUCTION

To the modern reader, the most significant aspect of this text is that it contains the earliest reference to Achaean Greece, Aḫḫiya in this text, the society of the Iliad. Here in the late 15^th century B.C. are preserved the earliest historical actions of the Greeks yet discovered. As in that future epic, it depicts a relationship of war, although the balance of power at this time favored the Anatolians.

The text was written by Arnuwanda I, and concerns violations of sacred oaths committed by Madduwatta against both Arnuwanda himself and his father, Tudhaliya II. It is only the first tablet of a composition of unknown length. The lack of the introductory formula, and several seeming inconsistancies in its composition, suggest that this was only a rough draft of the final work.

It demonstrates the difficulty middle empire kings had in asserting authority over their western vassals. The Hittite Great Kings must have viewed Madduwatta in much the same way that the later Byzantine emperors would view the fickle Crusader princes of Antioch, with whom Madduwatta seems to have shared many unruly characteristics.

TRANSLATION

§1
Attariššiya, the Man of Aḫḫiya, chased you, Madduwatta, from your land. [Moreover] he was right behind you, and he kept pursuing you. He kept seeking an [evil] death for you, Madduwatta. He [would have] killed you, but you, Madduwatta, fled to the father [of My Sun], and the father of My Sun saved you from death. He cut off Attariššiya behind you. If (he had) not, Attaršiya¹ would not have let you be, and he would have killed you.

§2
When the father of My Sun cut off [Attariššiya] behind you, the father of My Sun [took] you, Madduwatta, [for himself], along with your wives, your children, your troops, and your chariotry. He gave you chariots, [. . .] grain,^? and seed^? in heaps. He gave you beer and wine, malt, beer-bread, rennet, and [cheese^?] in heaps. The father of My Sun saved you (from) hunger, Madduwatta, along with your wives, your [children] and your troops.

§3
The father of My Sun saved you from the blade of Attaršiya. The father of My Sun saved you, Madduwatta, along with your wives, your [children], your household servants, and along with your troops and chariots. If (he had) not, dogs would have devoured you from hunger. Even if you had escaped from Attaršiya, you would have died from hunger.

§4
Then it came about that the father of My Sun made you, Madduwatta, into his own sworn subject. He made you swear an oath. He put these matters under oath for you; "I, the father of My Sun, have just saved [you], Madduwatta, [from the blade] of Attaršiya. Be (a man) of the father of My Sun and of the land of Ḫatti! I have just given you the land of Mt. Zippašla [in lordship]. You, Madduwatta, remain in the land of Mt. Zippašla along with your [troops], and afterwards keep yourself on patrol within the land of Mt. Zippašla." The father of My Sun repeatedly spoke in this very way to you, Madduwatta, "Come! Settle yourself in the land of Mt. Ḫariyati, and be near to the land of Ḫatti." You, Madduwatta, refused to occupy the land of Mt. Ḫariyati, so then the father of My Sun proceeded to speak in this way to Madduwatta, "I have now given you the land of Mt. Zippašla. Occupy only that place! Again, do not further occupy another vassal state² or another land on your own initiative. Stay within the borders of [the land of] Mt. Zippašla. May you be my servant, and may your troops be my troops."

§5
You, Madduwatta, spoke in this way to the father of My Sun; "[You,] my lord, gave me the land of Mt. Zippašla to occupy. [I will be] the border guard [and] sentinel [of this land]. Whoever speaks [a hostile] word before [me], or from whatever land I hear a hostile word, [I will not conceal that] person or that land [from the father of My Sun.] I will always write to the king. Whatever land [begins] hostilities against you, [as long as the troops] of My Sun [are fighting], because I am nearby, I will immediately strike. I will promptly bloody my [hands]." So you swore, and you [placed] these matters under an oath of the god.

§6
The father of My Sun placed him under an oath of the god in this very way; "Whoever is an enemy to [the father] of My Sun and to [the land of] Ḫatti, may he be an enemy [to you], Madduwatta! When the father of [My Sun] attacks [wholeheartedly], so you, too, Madduwatta, and [your troops] in same way attack wholeheartedly. Just as Mr. Kupanta-Kuruntiya³ is an enemy [to the father of] My Sun, let him be an enemy [to you], Madduwatta, in the same way. When [the father of My Sun] attacks [him] wholeheartedly, [you], Madduwatta, in the same way attack him wholeheartedly. Do not send a message to any land [on your own initiative.] Do not [be an enemy] to anyone [on your own initiative.] Do not do [. . .] against anyone on your own initiative. Do not keep saying [. . . Whatever] fugitive of the land of Ḫatti comes in [to you], whether he is a craftsman [or a . . .], do not conceal [him], do not hide him, and [further] do not release him into another land. Always [seize] him and [send] him back here to the father of My Sun.

§7
"May [you] not conceal him who speaks an evil word before you, whether someone speaks a word of hostility before you, or someone insults the kings or the princes. Write about the matter to My Sun. Seize the person and send [him to] the father of My Sun. Do not [send a message] to Attaršiya. If Attaršiya sends a message to you, may [you] seize the messenger, and [send] him to the father of My Sun. The word [which] he keeps writing [to you], do not conceal it! Write about it in its entirety, and do not send [the messenger] back to [Attaršiya] on your own initiative."

§8
You, Madduwatta, transgressed [the oaths] of the father of My Sun. The father of My Sun [gave] you the land of Mt. Zippašla to dwell in. He further made you take an oath. He placed you under [an oath of the god] in this way, "I have now given you the land of [Mt.] Zippašla. Occupy [only that place]. Do not occupy another land or [another] vassal state [on your own initiative]." But Madduwatta seized the whole [land]. [He] mobilized it with troops in large numbers. He [went for battle against] Mr. Kupanta-Kuruntiya. When Kupanta-Kuruntiya heard [about it], he proceeded to [turn loose] the troops of the land of Arzawa. They went against Madduwatta, and they destroyed every single one of Madduwatta's troops. Madduwata [fled] alone. Whatever few escaped, they utterly destroyed them all.

§9
He drove back the wives, sons, their servants, and the goods [of] Madduwatta to the [rock^?]. Kupanta-[Kuruntiya . . .] He seized his household [. . .] He took his wives, [his children], their [servants], and the goods in their entirety. [. . .] to the oaths of the god they were [. . .], and [. . .] Madduwatta alone [escaped], naked. Very few people escaped, and they destroyed them [all].

§10
When [the father of] My Sun [heard], he assigned Mr. Pišeni, along with troops and chariots, to Madduwatta as supporting troops, and [they went]. When [they came] to him, [they] found the [wives], their servants, and the goods of Madduwatta up in the city of Šalluwašši, and [they sent] them back to him. [They also found the wives, children], servants, and goods of Kupanta-[Kuruntiya] up in the city of Šallawašši, and those too they sent to Madduwatta. [Kupanta-Kuruntiya] himself was situated outside in his hiding place. [Kupanta-Kuruntiya] alone escaped, [naked^?]. They plundered all this, and once again they installed Madduwatta.

§11
Because the Great Lords Mr. Pišeni and Mr. Puškurunuwa, son of Mr. Aḫ-[. . .], whom [. . .] down to the city of Šallawašši, fought on behalf of Madduwatta, they [would have] attacked for Madduwatta.

§12
[Later] Attariššiya, the Man of Aḫḫiya, came out and [kept] seeking to kill you yourself, Madduwatta. When [the father] of My Sun heard, he sent forth Mr. Kišnapili (with) troops and chariots against Attariššiya. Then you, Madduwatta, did not withstand Attariššiya, and you turned away before him. Kišnapili proceeded to take charge of you, [. . .] from the land of Ḫatti. Kišnapili went for battle against Attariššiya. 100 chariots [and x troops] of Attariššiya [approached for battle], and they fought. They killed 1 gentleman of Attariššiya's, and they killed one gentleman of ours, Mr. Zidanza. Attariššiya [. . .] to Madduwatta, and he went out into his own land. Once again they installed Madduwatta.

§13
Later the city of Talawa became hostile. Madduwatta wrote thusly to Kišnapili, "I will go to attack the city of Talawa. [You] proceed to the city of Ḫinduwa. I will attack the city of Talawa, and then the troops of the city of Talawa will not come to the assistance of the city of Ḫinduwa, [and] you will destroy the city of Ḫinduwa." So Kišnapili led the troops to the city of Ḫinduwa for battle.

§14
Then because Madduwatta did not go to the city of Talawa for battle - in fact he wrote to the men of Talawa, "[The troops] of Ḫatti have just gone to Ḫinduwa for battle. Seize the road before them and attack them!" - they brought forth the troops of Talawa to the road. They proceeded to seize the road of our troops, and they routed them. They killed Kišnapili and Partaḫulla. Madduwatta kept laughing about them.

§15
Furthermore, Madduwatta turned the men of Talawa away from the land of Ḫatti, and at (the decision) of (their) elders, they [began] to march with him. He made them swear an oath [to him], and then they began to pay tribute to him.

§16
[Later Kupanta-Kuruntiya] was hostile to the father of My Sun, and you, Madduwatta, made peace with him. [. . .] You gave your daughter to him as his wife. You wrote in this way to My Sun, "[I] have just [. . .] Kupanta-Kuruntiya. I will write in this way to him, 'Come with me! I will give my daughter to you for your wife.' [If he will come with me], I will [seize] him, [and] I will kill him." When Madduwatta wrote to me in this way,

§17
I, [My Sun, thought^? in this way], "Kupanta-Kuruntiya has sworn this to Madduwatta, [. . .] He holds the daughter of his own flesh as his wife. [Will he seek evil against] his son-in-law and [the daughter] of his own flesh? Will he arrange his death? Will he come [to hold] love for someone else? [. . .] Oh, Madduwatta, I delved deeply into (these) thoughts! [. . . In this way] I [wrote back to him], "However it is good to you, do it that way."

§18
[. . .] I gave. Because Mr. Partaḫulla was alive, [. . . Kupanta-Kuruntiya] had his daughter [as his wife . . .], I [. .] Mr. Partaḫulla. [. . .] may he not produce [(some type of tax or tribute?)]. Madduwatta spoke in this way to me, "They^? [. . .] the obligation of the land on us [. ." . .] "Madduwatta [spoke] in this way to me, '[. . . .']

(2 - 3 lines lost)

§19
(Remainder of obverse broken)

§20'
1 - 3 (Broken)
4      [. . .] Madduwatta [spoke^?] in this way
5      [. . .] you now
6      [. . . to] Madduwatta, Kupanta-Kuruntiya
7      [. . .] "Because against me"
8      [. . .] "Take away! I [. . .] to my wife
9      [. . . "If] he comes with me, I will seize him,
10     [and I will kill him. . . .] he flatters^?.

§21'
[. . . The father] of My Sun also gave [you] the land of the River Šiyanta to occupy. [. . . But you, Madduwatta were not] a border guard and scout against the enemy lands. [. . .] "Wherever you, My Sun, my lord, summon me on campaign, [I will come immediately." . . . When] the father of My Sun gave [you] the land of the River Šiyanta, then [he made] you [swear an oath. He placed you under an oath of the god in this way, "The father of My Sun has just given the land of the River Šiyanta. May you be [a border guard and a scout of the father of My Sun] for [the lands]. Hold the lands against an enemy. [If someone speaks] a word [of hostility to you], hide nothing [from the father of My Sun]. Write everything to me. [If a land becomes hostile, promptly] strike [it]. May you make your hands bloody immediately!"

§22'
"Further, may you not [occupy] on your own initiative another land or another vassal state from the land [of the River Šiyanta]." Madduwatta transgressed (his) oath to the father of My Sun. He took all of the land of Arzawa for himself. It [. . .] He placed it under an oath concerning the land of Ḫapalla in this way, Madduwatta placed himself under oath concerning the land of Ḫapalla in this way, "I will either strike [the land] of Ḫapalla or I will transport it along with civilian captives, cattle, and sheep. I will give [it] over [to] My Sun." But then he did not attack and he did not seize the land of Ḫapalla, and [he did not give] it over to My Sun. Madduwatta took it for himself.

§23'
He kept writing to the Chief of the Wine Stewards in this way, "I will approach the land of Ḫapalla through you alone. You [let] me all the way through, (saying,) 'Go! Strike the land of Ḫapalla, or carry it off!'" But when the Chief of the Wine Stewards let him all the way through, he then would have seized the roads behind him, and he next would have attacked him. And in this matter even Mr. Antaḫitta, the Great [. . .] and Mr. Mazlawa, the Man of the city of Kuwaliya were his denouncers.

§24'
Later^? he additionally took for himself the lands of My Sun; the land of Zumanti, the land of Wallarimma, the land of Yalanti, the land of [Zumarri], the land of Mutamutašša, the land of Attarimma, the land of Šuruta, the land of Ḫuršanašša. And furthermore he did not permit [the messengers] of these lands to come before My Sun. He did not permit the troops of these lands to come before My Sun. Further, he did not permit the tribute, too, which [was imposed^?] on anyone to be brought before My Sun, he took it all for himself. He set the horses of My Sun which were [there] to the plow^?.

§25'
You [occupied] the city of Upniḫuwala on your own initiative. Further, you, Madduwatta, kept taking for yourself the fugitives of Ḫatti who went in to you. Afterwards, the father of My Sun and My Sun kept writing to you, (but) you did not give them back. If we write to you [. .] about this matter, then you do not subsequently [present] a defense to us in this matter. [You write] about some other matter. You keep writing back to us about another matter.

§26'
Later I, My Sun, brought troops and chariots from the land of Šalpa and [from the land of . . .] Madduwatta made the commanders of the land of Pitašša [and] the elders of the city of Pitašša swear an oath against [My Sun]. He stationed them on the other side. "Be mine! Occupy [the lands of My Sun]. Attack the land of Ḫatti." So [they] began [to occupy the lands of My Sun], and they burned down the fortified towns. My Sun [. . .] My own mighty troops karata [. . .] In those days, Madduwatta [. . .] He [. . .] forth to the men of the city of Pitašša.

§27'
After that [he wrote] to Kupanta-Kuruntiya, "[ . . ." . .] and stationed that one on the other side. [. . .] He himself [placed it] under an oath [of the god in this way], "I am now [a border guard] and a sentinel for these lands. If somone [speaks an evil] word to me, I [will] not [hide anything] from My Sun. [Further], I will afterwards reveal [it]. If [someone] becomes [hostile], while the troops of My Sun [are fighting, because I am nearby], I will promptly strike them. I will promptly bloody my hands!"

§28'
Initially, Madduwatta himself [placed the preceding] under an oath of the god [in this way. Subsequently he transgressed the oath.] Later he did not attack them, [but rather even] hid [his eyes]. My Sun to him for [. . .] Madduwatta returned it with [evil]. [. .] of the land of Pitašša [. . .] he formerly swore an oath. [I released^?] 10 teams of horses and 200 troops to Mr. Zuwa, the staff-bearer. [. . .] The enemy drew up below the city of Maraša, and they killed Mr. Zuwa, the staff-bearer. [. . .] they hold the oath. They gave food and drink to his troops and his [chariotry]. [. . .] They went out and set fire to [the city] of Maraša and [burned] it down.

§29'
Afterwards I, My Sun, proceeded to send Mr. Mulliyara, the staff-bearer, on a mission to Madduwatta. I [wrote] it to [Madduwatta] in this way, "Why did you take the land of Ḫapalla, which is a land of My Sun? Now, [give] it back to me!" And Madduwatta spoke in this way to Mr. Mulliyara, "The land of Ḫapalla is a [. .] land, and it is from that of My Sun. [But] the land of Yalanda, [the land] of Zumarri, and the land of Wallarimma I conquered by means of arms, and they [are] mine."

§30'
Mr. Niwalla, the huntsman of My Sun, [fled]. He went to Madduwatta, and Madduwatta [took him up]. After that I, My Sun, kept writing to him as the most important subject^?, "Niwalla, the huntsman [of My Sun], fled. He came to you. [Seize him, and] give him back to me!" Madduwatta truly kept replying to the most important subject^?, "No one [came] to me."

§31'
Now it came about that Mr. Mulliyara found the fugitive [in his house], and speaks to [Madduwatta in this way], "The matter of the fugitive [was placed] under [an oath of the god] for you [in this way], "You will [always] send back a [fugitive] of the land [of Ḫatti] who [runs] to you. [Now Mr. Niwalla], the huntsman of My Sun, [ran away, and he came to you]. My Sun kept writing to you, and you concealed him [and you hid him. Seize] him!"

§32'
Madduwatta [replied] to Mr. Mulliyara [in this way], "The huntsman [. . .] He [. . .] of the house of Mr. Pišeni. [. . .] the house of Mr. Pišeni, my son [. . .] (3 uninscribed lines)

§33'
71 He took the houses from the city of Maḫarmaḫaya [. . .] I [. . .]-ed.
72 "Why did you take that one for yourself?" Mr. Uš-[. . .]

73     he wrote, "Go from there down [. . .]
74     Come [to] My Sun! [. . .] I am sending.
75     Because Mr. Mukšu [. . ."]
76     [. . .]

§34'
77     [. .] Madduwatta [. . .]
78     [. .] sacrificing [. . .]
79     [. . .]

§35'
80     from [. . .]
81     [to] the land of Karakiša [. . .] verily. These
82     [of^?] My Sun, why did you attack? [. . .]
83     [. .] 6 houses back [. . .]

§36'⁴
[The report of] Mr. Mulliyara [which he delivered to me is as follows,] "I gave [him a tablet saying, ']My Sun spoke in this way [about the land of Alašiya], "Since [the land] of Alašiya is [a land] of My Sun, and they pay [tribute to me, why do you continually raid it?"'] Madduwatta spoke in this way, "[When] Attarašiya and] the Man [of the city of Piggaya] were continually raiding the land of Alašiya, I continually raided it, too. The father of My Sun did not [write back] to me, [and] My Sun [in no] way commanded [me], 'The land of Alašiya is mine. As such, leave it be!' On the contrary, if My Sun is now asking for the civilian captives of Alašiya back, I will give them back to him."'" Because Attaršiya and the Man of the city of Piggaya are independent rulers from My Sun, but Madduwatta is a servant of My Sun, why did you join with them?

§37'
Furthermore, the city of [. . .] He brought [word] in this way, "The stag does not call out. It does not bite. It does not trample. [. . .] he hunts the stag. Because the pig squeals, who for the land [. . .] he kills. I will squeal like the pig, [then] I will die. [. . .]

Colophon
First tablet of the Sins of Madduwatta

					Why?
	CTH 147 - The Sins of Madduwatta The Sins of Madduwatta CTH 147 Götze, Albrecht, Madduwattaš, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt, 1968 INTRODUCTION To the modern reader, the most significant aspect of this text is that it contains the earliest reference to Achaean Greece, Aḫḫiya in this text, the society of the Iliad. Here in the late 15^th century B.C. are preserved the earliest historical actions of the Greeks yet discovered. As in that future epic, it depicts a relationship of war, although the balance of power at this time favored the Anatolians. The text was written by Arnuwanda I, and concerns violations of sacred oaths committed by Madduwatta against both Arnuwanda himself and his father, Tudhaliya II. It is only the first tablet of a composition of unknown length. The lack of the introductory formula, and several seeming inconsistancies in its composition, suggest that this was only a rough draft of the final work. It demonstrates the difficulty middle empire kings had in asserting authority over their western vassals. The Hittite Great Kings must have viewed Madduwatta in much the same way that the later Byzantine emperors would view the fickle Crusader princes of Antioch, with whom Madduwatta seems to have shared many unruly characteristics. TRANSLATION §1 Attariššiya, the Man of Aḫḫiya, chased you, Madduwatta, from your land. [Moreover] he was right behind you, and he kept pursuing you. He kept seeking an [evil] death for you, Madduwatta. He [would have] killed you, but you, Madduwatta, fled to the father [of My Sun], and the father of My Sun saved you from death. He cut off Attariššiya behind you. If (he had) not, Attaršiya¹ would not have let you be, and he would have killed you. §2 When the father of My Sun cut off [Attariššiya] behind you, the father of My Sun [took] you, Madduwatta, [for himself], along with your wives, your children, your troops, and your chariotry. He gave you chariots, [. . .] grain,^? and seed^? in heaps. He gave you beer and wine, malt, beer-bread, rennet, and [cheese^?] in heaps. The father of My Sun saved you (from) hunger, Madduwatta, along with your wives, your [children] and your troops. §3 The father of My Sun saved you from the blade of Attaršiya. The father of My Sun saved you, Madduwatta, along with your wives, your [children], your household servants, and along with your troops and chariots. If (he had) not, dogs would have devoured you from hunger. Even if you had escaped from Attaršiya, you would have died from hunger. §4 Then it came about that the father of My Sun made you, Madduwatta, into his own sworn subject. He made you swear an oath. He put these matters under oath for you; "I, the father of My Sun, have just saved [you], Madduwatta, [from the blade] of Attaršiya. Be (a man) of the father of My Sun and of the land of Ḫatti! I have just given you the land of Mt. Zippašla [in lordship]. You, Madduwatta, remain in the land of Mt. Zippašla along with your [troops], and afterwards keep yourself on patrol within the land of Mt. Zippašla." The father of My Sun repeatedly spoke in this very way to you, Madduwatta, "Come! Settle yourself in the land of Mt. Ḫariyati, and be near to the land of Ḫatti." You, Madduwatta, refused to occupy the land of Mt. Ḫariyati, so then the father of My Sun proceeded to speak in this way to Madduwatta, "I have now given you the land of Mt. Zippašla. Occupy only that place! Again, do not further occupy another vassal state² or another land on your own initiative. Stay within the borders of [the land of] Mt. Zippašla. May you be my servant, and may your troops be my troops." §5 You, Madduwatta, spoke in this way to the father of My Sun; "[You,] my lord, gave me the land of Mt. Zippašla to occupy. [I will be] the border guard [and] sentinel [of this land]. Whoever speaks [a hostile] word before [me], or from whatever land I hear a hostile word, [I will not conceal that] person or that land [from the father of My Sun.] I will always write to the king. Whatever land [begins] hostilities against you, [as long as the troops] of My Sun [are fighting], because I am nearby, I will immediately strike. I will promptly bloody my [hands]." So you swore, and you [placed] these matters under an oath of the god. §6 The father of My Sun placed him under an oath of the god in this very way; "Whoever is an enemy to [the father] of My Sun and to [the land of] Ḫatti, may he be an enemy [to you], Madduwatta! When the father of [My Sun] attacks [wholeheartedly], so you, too, Madduwatta, and [your troops] in same way attack wholeheartedly. Just as Mr. Kupanta-Kuruntiya³ is an enemy [to the father of] My Sun, let him be an enemy [to you], Madduwatta, in the same way. When [the father of My Sun] attacks [him] wholeheartedly, [you], Madduwatta, in the same way attack him wholeheartedly. Do not send a message to any land [on your own initiative.] Do not [be an enemy] to anyone [on your own initiative.] Do not do [. . .] against anyone on your own initiative. Do not keep saying [. . . Whatever] fugitive of the land of Ḫatti comes in [to you], whether he is a craftsman [or a . . .], do not conceal [him], do not hide him, and [further] do not release him into another land. Always [seize] him and [send] him back here to the father of My Sun. §7 "May [you] not conceal him who speaks an evil word before you, whether someone speaks a word of hostility before you, or someone insults the kings or the princes. Write about the matter to My Sun. Seize the person and send [him to] the father of My Sun. Do not [send a message] to Attaršiya. If Attaršiya sends a message to you, may [you] seize the messenger, and [send] him to the father of My Sun. The word [which] he keeps writing [to you], do not conceal it! Write about it in its entirety, and do not send [the messenger] back to [Attaršiya] on your own initiative." §8 You, Madduwatta, transgressed [the oaths] of the father of My Sun. The father of My Sun [gave] you the land of Mt. Zippašla to dwell in. He further made you take an oath. He placed you under [an oath of the god] in this way, "I have now given you the land of [Mt.] Zippašla. Occupy [only that place]. Do not occupy another land or [another] vassal state [on your own initiative]." But Madduwatta seized the whole [land]. [He] mobilized it with troops in large numbers. He [went for battle against] Mr. Kupanta-Kuruntiya. When Kupanta-Kuruntiya heard [about it], he proceeded to [turn loose] the troops of the land of Arzawa. They went against Madduwatta, and they destroyed every single one of Madduwatta's troops. Madduwata [fled] alone. Whatever few escaped, they utterly destroyed them all. §9 He drove back the wives, sons, their servants, and the goods [of] Madduwatta to the [rock^?]. Kupanta-[Kuruntiya . . .] He seized his household [. . .] He took his wives, [his children], their [servants], and the goods in their entirety. [. . .] to the oaths of the god they were [. . .], and [. . .] Madduwatta alone [escaped], naked. Very few people escaped, and they destroyed them [all]. §10 When [the father of] My Sun [heard], he assigned Mr. Pišeni, along with troops and chariots, to Madduwatta as supporting troops, and [they went]. When [they came] to him, [they] found the [wives], their servants, and the goods of Madduwatta up in the city of Šalluwašši, and [they sent] them back to him. [They also found the wives, children], servants, and goods of Kupanta-[Kuruntiya] up in the city of Šallawašši, and those too they sent to Madduwatta. [Kupanta-Kuruntiya] himself was situated outside in his hiding place. [Kupanta-Kuruntiya] alone escaped, [naked^?]. They plundered all this, and once again they installed Madduwatta. §11 Because the Great Lords Mr. Pišeni and Mr. Puškurunuwa, son of Mr. Aḫ-[. . .], whom [. . .] down to the city of Šallawašši, fought on behalf of Madduwatta, they [would have] attacked for Madduwatta. §12 [Later] Attariššiya, the Man of Aḫḫiya, came out and [kept] seeking to kill you yourself, Madduwatta. When [the father] of My Sun heard, he sent forth Mr. Kišnapili (with) troops and chariots against Attariššiya. Then you, Madduwatta, did not withstand Attariššiya, and you turned away before him. Kišnapili proceeded to take charge of you, [. . .] from the land of Ḫatti. Kišnapili went for battle against Attariššiya. 100 chariots [and x troops] of Attariššiya [approached for battle], and they fought. They killed 1 gentleman of Attariššiya's, and they killed one gentleman of ours, Mr. Zidanza. Attariššiya [. . .] to Madduwatta, and he went out into his own land. Once again they installed Madduwatta. §13 Later the city of Talawa became hostile. Madduwatta wrote thusly to Kišnapili, "I will go to attack the city of Talawa. [You] proceed to the city of Ḫinduwa. I will attack the city of Talawa, and then the troops of the city of Talawa will not come to the assistance of the city of Ḫinduwa, [and] you will destroy the city of Ḫinduwa." So Kišnapili led the troops to the city of Ḫinduwa for battle. §14 Then because Madduwatta did not go to the city of Talawa for battle - in fact he wrote to the men of Talawa, "[The troops] of Ḫatti have just gone to Ḫinduwa for battle. Seize the road before them and attack them!" - they brought forth the troops of Talawa to the road. They proceeded to seize the road of our troops, and they routed them. They killed Kišnapili and Partaḫulla. Madduwatta kept laughing about them. §15 Furthermore, Madduwatta turned the men of Talawa away from the land of Ḫatti, and at (the decision) of (their) elders, they [began] to march with him. He made them swear an oath [to him], and then they began to pay tribute to him. §16 [Later Kupanta-Kuruntiya] was hostile to the father of My Sun, and you, Madduwatta, made peace with him. [. . .] You gave your daughter to him as his wife. You wrote in this way to My Sun, "[I] have just [. . .] Kupanta-Kuruntiya. I will write in this way to him, 'Come with me! I will give my daughter to you for your wife.' [If he will come with me], I will [seize] him, [and] I will kill him." When Madduwatta wrote to me in this way, §17 I, [My Sun, thought^? in this way], "Kupanta-Kuruntiya has sworn this to Madduwatta, [. . .] He holds the daughter of his own flesh as his wife. [Will he seek evil against] his son-in-law and [the daughter] of his own flesh? Will he arrange his death? Will he come [to hold] love for someone else? [. . .] Oh, Madduwatta, I delved deeply into (these) thoughts! [. . . In this way] I [wrote back to him], "However it is good to you, do it that way." §18 [. . .] I gave. Because Mr. Partaḫulla was alive, [. . . Kupanta-Kuruntiya] had his daughter [as his wife . . .], I [. .] Mr. Partaḫulla. [. . .] may he not produce [(some type of tax or tribute?)]. Madduwatta spoke in this way to me, "They^? [. . .] the obligation of the land on us [. ." . .] "Madduwatta [spoke] in this way to me, '[. . . .'] (2 - 3 lines lost) §19 (Remainder of obverse broken) §20' 1 - 3 (Broken) 4 [. . .] Madduwatta [spoke^?] in this way 5 [. . .] you now 6 [. . . to] Madduwatta, Kupanta-Kuruntiya 7 [. . .] "Because against me" 8 [. . .] "Take away! I [. . .] to my wife 9 [. . . "If] he comes with me, I will seize him, 10 [and I will kill him. . . .] he flatters^?. §21' [. . . The father] of My Sun also gave [you] the land of the River Šiyanta to occupy. [. . . But you, Madduwatta were not] a border guard and scout against the enemy lands. [. . .] "Wherever you, My Sun, my lord, summon me on campaign, [I will come immediately." . . . When] the father of My Sun gave [you] the land of the River Šiyanta, then [he made] you [swear an oath. He placed you under an oath of the god in this way, "The father of My Sun has just given the land of the River Šiyanta. May you be [a border guard and a scout of the father of My Sun] for [the lands]. Hold the lands against an enemy. [If someone speaks] a word [of hostility to you], hide nothing [from the father of My Sun]. Write everything to me. [If a land becomes hostile, promptly] strike [it]. May you make your hands bloody immediately!" §22' "Further, may you not [occupy] on your own initiative another land or another vassal state from the land [of the River Šiyanta]." Madduwatta transgressed (his) oath to the father of My Sun. He took all of the land of Arzawa for himself. It [. . .] He placed it under an oath concerning the land of Ḫapalla in this way, Madduwatta placed himself under oath concerning the land of Ḫapalla in this way, "I will either strike [the land] of Ḫapalla or I will transport it along with civilian captives, cattle, and sheep. I will give [it] over [to] My Sun." But then he did not attack and he did not seize the land of Ḫapalla, and [he did not give] it over to My Sun. Madduwatta took it for himself. §23' He kept writing to the Chief of the Wine Stewards in this way, "I will approach the land of Ḫapalla through you alone. You [let] me all the way through, (saying,) 'Go! Strike the land of Ḫapalla, or carry it off!'" But when the Chief of the Wine Stewards let him all the way through, he then would have seized the roads behind him, and he next would have attacked him. And in this matter even Mr. Antaḫitta, the Great [. . .] and Mr. Mazlawa, the Man of the city of Kuwaliya were his denouncers. §24' Later^? he additionally took for himself the lands of My Sun; the land of Zumanti, the land of Wallarimma, the land of Yalanti, the land of [Zumarri], the land of Mutamutašša, the land of Attarimma, the land of Šuruta, the land of Ḫuršanašša. And furthermore he did not permit [the messengers] of these lands to come before My Sun. He did not permit the troops of these lands to come before My Sun. Further, he did not permit the tribute, too, which [was imposed^?] on anyone to be brought before My Sun, he took it all for himself. He set the horses of My Sun which were [there] to the plow^?. §25' You [occupied] the city of Upniḫuwala on your own initiative. Further, you, Madduwatta, kept taking for yourself the fugitives of Ḫatti who went in to you. Afterwards, the father of My Sun and My Sun kept writing to you, (but) you did not give them back. If we write to you [. .] about this matter, then you do not subsequently [present] a defense to us in this matter. [You write] about some other matter. You keep writing back to us about another matter. §26' Later I, My Sun, brought troops and chariots from the land of Šalpa and [from the land of . . .] Madduwatta made the commanders of the land of Pitašša [and] the elders of the city of Pitašša swear an oath against [My Sun]. He stationed them on the other side. "Be mine! Occupy [the lands of My Sun]. Attack the land of Ḫatti." So [they] began [to occupy the lands of My Sun], and they burned down the fortified towns. My Sun [. . .] My own mighty troops karata [. . .] In those days, Madduwatta [. . .] He [. . .] forth to the men of the city of Pitašša. §27' After that [he wrote] to Kupanta-Kuruntiya, "[ . . ." . .] and stationed that one on the other side. [. . .] He himself [placed it] under an oath [of the god in this way], "I am now [a border guard] and a sentinel for these lands. If somone [speaks an evil] word to me, I [will] not [hide anything] from My Sun. [Further], I will afterwards reveal [it]. If [someone] becomes [hostile], while the troops of My Sun [are fighting, because I am nearby], I will promptly strike them. I will promptly bloody my hands!" §28' Initially, Madduwatta himself [placed the preceding] under an oath of the god [in this way. Subsequently he transgressed the oath.] Later he did not attack them, [but rather even] hid [his eyes]. My Sun to him for [. . .] Madduwatta returned it with [evil]. [. .] of the land of Pitašša [. . .] he formerly swore an oath. [I released^?] 10 teams of horses and 200 troops to Mr. Zuwa, the staff-bearer. [. . .] The enemy drew up below the city of Maraša, and they killed Mr. Zuwa, the staff-bearer. [. . .] they hold the oath. They gave food and drink to his troops and his [chariotry]. [. . .] They went out and set fire to [the city] of Maraša and [burned] it down. §29' Afterwards I, My Sun, proceeded to send Mr. Mulliyara, the staff-bearer, on a mission to Madduwatta. I [wrote] it to [Madduwatta] in this way, "Why did you take the land of Ḫapalla, which is a land of My Sun? Now, [give] it back to me!" And Madduwatta spoke in this way to Mr. Mulliyara, "The land of Ḫapalla is a [. .] land, and it is from that of My Sun. [But] the land of Yalanda, [the land] of Zumarri, and the land of Wallarimma I conquered by means of arms, and they [are] mine." §30' Mr. Niwalla, the huntsman of My Sun, [fled]. He went to Madduwatta, and Madduwatta [took him up]. After that I, My Sun, kept writing to him as the most important subject^?, "Niwalla, the huntsman [of My Sun], fled. He came to you. [Seize him, and] give him back to me!" Madduwatta truly kept replying to the most important subject^?, "No one [came] to me." §31' Now it came about that Mr. Mulliyara found the fugitive [in his house], and speaks to [Madduwatta in this way], "The matter of the fugitive [was placed] under [an oath of the god] for you [in this way], "You will [always] send back a [fugitive] of the land [of Ḫatti] who [runs] to you. [Now Mr. Niwalla], the huntsman of My Sun, [ran away, and he came to you]. My Sun kept writing to you, and you concealed him [and you hid him. Seize] him!" §32' Madduwatta [replied] to Mr. Mulliyara [in this way], "The huntsman [. . .] He [. . .] of the house of Mr. Pišeni. [. . .] the house of Mr. Pišeni, my son [. . .] (3 uninscribed lines) §33' 71 He took the houses from the city of Maḫarmaḫaya [. . .] I [. . .]-ed. 72 "Why did you take that one for yourself?" Mr. Uš-[. . .] 73 he wrote, "Go from there down [. . .] 74 Come [to] My Sun! [. . .] I am sending. 75 Because Mr. Mukšu [. . ."] 76 [. . .] §34' 77 [. .] Madduwatta [. . .] 78 [. .] sacrificing [. . .] 79 [. . .] §35' 80 from [. . .] 81 [to] the land of Karakiša [. . .] verily. These 82 [of^?] My Sun, why did you attack? [. . .] 83 [. .] 6 houses back [. . .] §36'⁴ [The report of] Mr. Mulliyara [which he delivered to me is as follows,] "I gave [him a tablet saying, ']My Sun spoke in this way [about the land of Alašiya], "Since [the land] of Alašiya is [a land] of My Sun, and they pay [tribute to me, why do you continually raid it?"'] Madduwatta spoke in this way, "[When] Attarašiya and] the Man [of the city of Piggaya] were continually raiding the land of Alašiya, I continually raided it, too. The father of My Sun did not [write back] to me, [and] My Sun [in no] way commanded [me], 'The land of Alašiya is mine. As such, leave it be!' On the contrary, if My Sun is now asking for the civilian captives of Alašiya back, I will give them back to him."'" Because Attaršiya and the Man of the city of Piggaya are independent rulers from My Sun, but Madduwatta is a servant of My Sun, why did you join with them? §37' Furthermore, the city of [. . .] He brought [word] in this way, "The stag does not call out. It does not bite. It does not trample. [. . .] he hunts the stag. Because the pig squeals, who for the land [. . .] he kills. I will squeal like the pig, [then] I will die. [. . .] Colophon First tablet of the Sins of Madduwatta